Technology Use and Reduced Risk for Dementia

A new study in Nature Human Behavior by neuroscientists at Baylor University and the University of Texas at Austin Dell Medical School reveals that digital technologies are associated with reduced cognitive decline.

“People often use the terms ‘brain drain’ and ‘brain rot,’ and now digital dementia is an emerging phrase. As researchers, we wanted to know if this was true,” co-author Michael K. Scullin, Ph.D., associate professor of psychology and neuroscience at Baylor, said.

 The study’s findings challenge the hypothesis that a lifetime of exposure to digital technology will worsen cognitive abilities, revealing that digital technology use correlates with a 58% lower risk of cognitive impairment. The study supports the “technological reserve” hypothesis, finding that digital technologies can promote behaviors that preserve cognition. 

Increase in problem-solving skills

For the current generation of older adults who were introduced to computers, the internet and smartphones past their childhood, using technology is cognitively challenging because it is ever-changing. Technology requires constant adaptation, which is effective at exercising the brain. 

Social connection

Technology like video calls, emails and messaging apps enables communication and engagement like never before, which can expand opportunities for connectivity. Better social connectedness is a well-documented correlate of cognitive functioning in older adults through decreased isolation. 

“Digital scaffolding”

A dementia diagnosis is indicated in part when cognitive changes lead to a loss of independence with daily tasks. Tools such as digital reminders, GPS navigation and online banking can serve as a compensatory support system, allowing older adults to remain independent despite cognitive difficulties.

Promoting healthy technology use

While Scullin recognizes there can be negative effects of technology, he also emphasizes how promoting a healthy use of digital tools in older adults is beneficial for their cognitive health. 

“We could spend a long time talking about all the specific ways in which technology use can be bad. However, the net effect since the 1990s has been positive for overall cognition in older adults,” he said.